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These components loader, verifier, and virtual machine work in conjunction so that classes are dynamically loaded and linked as needed. The components of the Java interpreter are diagrammed in Figure 1-12. Figure 1-12 The Java interpreter Now let s apply your knowledge of Java to understanding three sample programs. […]

This is a package that s used to port the AWT to different platforms. You won t need to use it at all. java.io The java.io package is the Java version of stdio.h (if you use C) or stream.h (C++). In other words, here are the classes for performing input and […]

Black Art of Java Game Programming by Joel Fan Sams, Macmillan Computer Publishing ISBN: 1571690433 Pub Date: 11/01/96 Previous Table of Contents Next The Java API An API, or Application Programming Interface, is the boundary between your application and the underlying programming environment. The Java API consists […]

class declaration to denote distinct methods, as long as the argument lists or return types are different. You can define many methods named foo() in the same class, as long as each one has a different method signature. Java has no preprocessor. Thus, there are no macros (#define) or […]

Threads In the real world, many different things happen at the same time; similarly, there are many programming situations where it s necessary to simulate multiple, concurrent processes. This is done in Java with threads. Think of threads as subprograms that execute independently of one another, and yet can work […]

while (k != 0); /* switch */ /* prints “case 13″ */ int s = 13; switch (s) { case 3: System.out.println(”case 3″); break; case 13: System.out.println(”case 13″); break; default: System.out.println(”default case”); break; } /* if…else */ /* […]

Black Art of Java Game Programming by Joel Fan Sams, Macmillan Computer Publishing ISBN: 1571690433 Pub Date: 11/01/96 Previous Table of Contents Next Appendix A, Java Reference Tables, contains a complete listing of Java operators. Control Flow Java supports the control structures found in C: if…else, for, […]

Operators Java uses most of the C operators you re familiar with, but eliminates Dereferencing operators: * and -> Address operator: & sizeof Comma operator: , However, Java adds a few operators as well. The most notable additions: […]

invoked even if there aren t any instances of the class around. Instance methods, on the other hand, require the presence of an object to be invoked. Again, the syntax is illustrative: f.add(3); // objectName.instanceMethod(); Foo.minus(); // className.staticMethod(); A variable that is declared final is a constant. A variable declared […]

Foo f; The default value for an object variable is null, which means that the variable doesn t refer to anything (yet). Here s how to create the object: f = new Foo(13.0); // allocation and initialization This statement allocates memory for a Foo object, calls the Foo() constructor with […]